During the study period (from Jan 1, 2008, to Dec 31, 2012) there were 285 731 confirmed malaria cases. Malaria decreased from 6·2 cases per 1000 population in 2008, to 2·1 cases per 1000 population in 2012. Prevalence of all malaria decreased by 65% (95% CI 65–66), severe malaria decreased by 79% (78–80), and malaria-associated mortality decreased by 91% (83–95). By 2012, there was one insecticide-treated net for every 2·6 individuals (SD 0·20). Districts with more than 0·5 insecticide-treated nets per person had a decrease in prevalence of 21% (95% CI 19–23) for all malaria, 25% (17–32) for severe malaria, and 76% (35–91) for malaria-associated mortality among all age groups. Malaria hotspots remained in the highly endemic districts in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The cost per diagnosed case was US$0·39 (SD 0·02) and per treated case was $0·51 (0·27); $0·05 (0·04) was invested per person per year for health education and $0·68 (0·30) was spent per person per year for insecticide-treated net coverage.